It can be estimated by dividing the conductivity of the system water by the conductivity of the makeup, or by dividing the chloride of the system water by the chloride of the makeup.
What is meant by COC in cooling tower?
COC or the Cycles Of Concentration is an abbreviation, used when talking about cooling water or cooling tower water. The COC specifies, how often a fresh water added into the loop, can be used or pumped around, before the water has to blown down or bleed off from the cooling tower.
What is boiler cycles of concentration?
“Cycles of concentration” refers to the accumulation of impurities in the boiler water. If the boiler water contains 10 times the level of impurities in the makeup water, it is said to have 10 cycles of concentration.
What is COC of cooling water?
The amount to which the impurities are allowed to concentrate over those in the cooling system makeup water is known as the cycles of concentration (COC). The COC is controlled by periodic blowdown of a fraction of the cooling water, whose volume is replenished with makeup water.
Where can I find cooling tower in COC?
Cooling Tower Thermal Efficiency Calculations
Approach = Cold Water Temperature – Wet Bulb Temperature.Range = Hot Water Temperature – Cold Water Temperature.Cooling Tower Thermal Efficiency = Range/ (Range + Approach) x 100.COC = Silica in Cooling Water / Silica in Makeup Water.
What is the pH of cooling tower water?
If you have doubts about the proper pH levels for your tower water, ask your water treatment company for recommendations. A pH between 6.5 and 7.5 is generally considered the ideal range for reducing scale formation, though some non-acid treatments for scale prevention can increase the cooling tower pH range up to 8.5.
Why h2so4 is used in cooling tower?
Sulfuric acid has been used to reduce alkalinity in cooling towers for decades. By neutralizing carbonate alkalinity with acid, scaling potential is reduced on heat exchangers, and often systems can be run with less water.
What is drift losses in cooling tower?
Drift is water lost from cooling towers as liquid droplets are entrained in the exhaust air. The drift loss is independent of the water lost by evaporation and may be expressed in units of lb/hr or percentage of circulating water flow. Cooling tower drift eliminators are used to control this drift loss from the tower.
What is blowdown rate?
Rate of blowdown is a rate normally expressed as a percentage of the water feed. In the case of boilers, rate of blowdown is the removal rate of water from a boiler. Its purpose is to control boiler water parameters within prescribed limits to minimize: Scale. Corrosion.
Which cycle is in a boiler?
The Rankine cycle operates in the following steps: 1-2-3 Isobaric Heat Transfer. High pressure liquid enters the boiler from the feed pump (1) and is heated to the saturation temperature (2). Further addition of energy causes evaporation of the liquid until it is fully converted to saturated steam (3).
What is a blowdown cycle?
Blowdown: When water evaporates from the tower, dissolved solids (such as calcium, magnesium, chloride, and silica) remain in the recirculating water. As more water evaporates, the concentration of dissolved solids increases.
How do I calculate boiler water?
Boiler water consumption
The water consumption consists on the control of the make-up water, the blowdown water and the condensed water quantities. This equation doesn’t take account of the process leaks, the windage and drift which are just forms of uncontrolled blowdown. B=S x (1 – r) x m / b – m.B = Blowdown.
Why blowdown is provided in a boiler?
The primary purpose of blowdown is to maintain the solids content of boiler water within certain limits. This may be required for specific reasons, such as contamination of the boiler water. In this case, a high blowdown rate is required to eliminate the contaminants as rapidly as possible.
Which chemical is used in cooling tower?
Chlorine dioxide – This chemical can be used as a disinfectant to destroy microorganisms and prevent recurring growth.
What causes high pH in cooling tower?
The circulating water is aerated each time it passes over the cooling tower. This reduces the carbon dioxide concentration in the water to the equilibrium value for the atmospheric conditions, causing the pH to rise.
How do you remove algae from a cooling tower?
You can use chemicals to prevent the growth of algae, and/or to prevent sediment formation. Eg;- Chlorine and Bromine. Use Phosphoric acid to prevent formation of sediments. Use bicarbonates to maintain pH of the water in cooling tower.
